Double-lumen endobronchial tube is the gold-standard device for achieving one-lung ventilation in adult thoracic anesthesia, offering irreplaceable value in scenarios requiring strict lung isolation to prevent secretions or blood from the affected lung from contaminating the healthy lung. However, due to limitations regarding airway anatomy, it is clinically complemented by bronchial blockers; the choice between them depends on the patient's airway conditions and the type of surgery.

Standard endotracheal tubes are fundamental, general-purpose instruments for airway management, whereas double-lumen endobronchial tubes are specialized  gold standard devices for thoracic anesthesia; they are not interchangeable. Both are cuffed, artificial intratracheal airways that can be connected to a ventilator for positive-pressure ventilation and the prevention of aspiration. The standard single-lumen endotracheal tube is widely used for the vast majority of surgeries, emergency resuscitation, and critical respiratory support; it provides ventilation to both lungs without enabling lung isolation and serves as the foundation of airway management. In contrast, the double-lumen endobronchial tube is primarily used for thoracic surgeries requiring single-lung ventilation and lung isolation, as well as for critical unilateral pulmonary conditions; it has a limited scope of application, is unsuitable for long-term placement, and cannot replace the standard endotracheal tube for routine airway management.

Both PVC laryngeal masks and silicone laryngeal masks are supraglottic airway devices (SADs) with identical clinical functions: they are positioned in the pharynx to seal the esophagus and facilitate ventilation during general anesthesia or emergency airway management. While most are disposable, some silicone versions can be sterilized and reused.

There are two mainstream manufacturing methods for laryngeal mask cuff connectors: injection molding (producing hard or semi-rigid connectors, which is the dominant method) and, in a minority of older models, integral molding via PVC dip molding. Typically, the connector and the cuff balloon are bonded together during a subsequent assembly step, though in a few cases, they are integrally molded. Medical-grade soft PVC must meet ISO 10993 biocompatibility standards and possess thermal stability to prevent the release of HCl due to thermal decomposition at high temperatures.